This study explores why Japanese family businesses outlast Indian counterparts through cultural, legal, and governance frameworks. Analyzing Japan's i.e. system—emphasizing adult adoption and tax incentives—against India's Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) laws, findings reveal Japan's meritocratic governance reduces succession delays (4 vs. 18 months) and equity fragmentation. Case studies (Suzuki, Bajaj Auto) demonstrate Japan's institutional resilience versus India's patriarchal gridlock. Recommendations propose legal reforms for non-biological succession, gender-inclusive policies, and digital governance tools, offering a model for emerging economies to enhance family business longevity.

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Keywords: Family Businesses, Japan, India, Succession Planning, Governance, Culture