Higher education faces various challenges in the global context. The impact of international trends on the quality of academic services, the demand for graduates in the labor market, and the need for continuous improvement to meet international quality standards are highlighted (A., B., Zhumagulova., 2022). Global inequality in higher education manifests through rank order and intrinsic achievement, raising concerns about fairness and access. The focus on national excellence may exacerbate these disparities ( Elaine, 2017). The educational landscape is currently experiencing a profound shift, driven by the rapid advancements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This transformation is necessitated by the changing demands of the modern world, where technology, automation, and globalization are redefining the skills and knowledge needed for success. Traditional educational models, while effective in their time, are struggling to keep pace with these evolving requirements. Consequently, there is a growing need for the digital transformation of higher education to align it with the demands of the 21st century (Shenkoya, T., & Kim, E., 2023). In the study conducted by Won-Hyun So in 2022, several key findings were outlined. Firstly, it was observed that the attributes associated with online learning had a beneficial impact on both academic motivation and achievement. Secondly, these same online learning characteristics were noted to positively influence the fulfillment of self-determination needs. Thirdly, the satisfaction of self-determination needs was found to have a positive influence on academic motivation and achievement.

Keywords: Higher Education Challenge, Online Learning, Digital Transformation, Systematic Literature Review